PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
What is programming languages:
A LANGUAGE THAT CONSISTS OF A SET OF INSTRUCTIONS TO PERFORM A SPECIFIC TASK TO GET THE REQUIRED OUTPUT IS KNOWN AS PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE.
EXAMPLE:
main()
{int a.b;
scanf("%d" %d, &a,&b);
printf("%d", (a+b));
}
Some of the top programming languages:
- C
- C++
- Java
- Python
- SQL
- JavaScript
- Fortran
- Prolog
- VisiRule
- Visual Basic
CLASSIFICATION OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES:
- Low-Level Languages
- machine languages.
- Assembly languages.
2. High-Level Languages
- Procedural
- Object-based
- Purely Object-Oriented
C Language
- C language is a very popular programming language in technical fields such as
electronics, communication, embedded systems, etc. C is used to program most
microcontrollers.10
It is a general-purpose programming language initially developed by Dennis Ritchie.
C has facilities for structured programming. Its design provides constructs that map
efficiently to typical machine instructions, and therefore it has found lasting use in
applications that had formerly been coded in assembly language, such as the Unix
operating system. C is one of the most widely used programming languages of all
time, and C compilers are available for the majority of computer architectures and
operating systems.
Features: Examples:
- Low access to memory #include<stdio.h>
- Super past and efficient void main()
- Portable {
- Flexible printf("%d", printf("Hello World"));
- Modular }
- Easy to debug
Hello World
Applications:
- Designing OS
- Designing Compilers
- Designing networking devices
- Developing new languages(like UNIX)
- Used in embedded system
- Gaming and Animations
C++ Language 
- C++ is a general-purpose programming language having object-oriented
programming features. It also provides the facilities for low level memory
manipulation.
It is designed with a bias for systems programming (e.g. embedded systems, operating
system kernels), with performance, efficiency and flexibility of use as its design
requirements. C++ has also been found useful in many other contexts, including
desktop applications, servers (e.g. e-commerce, web search, SQL), performance
critical applications(e.g. routers, space probes) and entertainment software, such as video games.
Features Applications object-oriented operating system simple graphics suitable for large projects banking applications fast and efficient embedded systems web browsers
| Features | Applications |
|---|---|
| object-oriented | operating system |
| simple | graphics |
| suitable for large projects | banking applications |
| fast and efficient | embedded systems |
| web browsers |
Java
- Java is a computer programming language that is concurrent, class-based, object-oriented, and specifically designed to have very few implementation dependencies as
possible. It is intended to let application developers "write once, run anywhere"
(WORA), meaning that code that runs on one platform does not need to be recompiled
to run on another.
Java applications are typically compiled to byte code that can run on any Java virtual
machine (JVM) regardless of computer architecture. Java was originally developed by
James Gosling at Sun Microsystem’s (which has since merged into Oracle
Corporation) and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java
platform. The language derives much of its syntax from C and C++, but it has fewer
low-level facilities than either of them.
Features:
- Simple
- Portable
- Platform independent
- Compiled and interpreted
- Secured
- Robus
- Creating android applications
- Designing web applications
- Embedded systems
- Significantly slower than C and C++
- Consumes more memory
- No control over garbage collection.
Python
- Python is a dynamic object-oriented programming language that can be compared with Java and Microsoft. NET-based languages. It is a general-purpose language that can be used for different kinds of software development. It offers strong support for integrating with other technologies, higher programmer productivity throughout the development life cycle, and is particularly well suited for large or complex projects with changing requirements. Python is also being used in mission-critical applications such as in-stock exchange, forms the basis for high-end newspaper websites, runs on millions of cell phones, and is used in industries as diverse as shipbuilding, movie animation, and air traffic control.
- Python is supposed to be a rapidly growing open source programming language. It is available for most operating systems, including Windows, UNIX, Linux, and Mac OS.11 Hardware Description Language (HDL) - is a specialized computer language used to program the structure, design, and operation of electronic circuits, and most commonly, digital logic circuits.
| Features | Applications | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|
| works on different platforms | web applications | speed is slower than C |
| simple syntax | can handle big data and performs complex mathematical functions |
weak language for mobile computing |
can be treated as a procedural as well as object-oriented language |
robotics | memory consumption is high |
| data analytics |
SQL(Structured Query Language)
- It's a language that allows communication with databases in order to manage all the data they contain.
- To hold this data, a database system is used. SQL (Structured Query Languages) is a programming language that enables programming to work with that data.
Features Applications Disadvantages portable Database management Difficult interface open source Data integration scripts partial control interactive language analytical queries implementation easy to learn and understand business and web application cost complete language for a database
Javascript
- JavaScript was created by Brendan Eich, who was an employee at Netscape communication cooperation at that time.
- He began to develop a scripting language which was initially called LiveScript with the purpose of utilizing it both in the browser and on the server.
- Thus, Netscape moved into specific development cooperation with sun microsystems for a comprehensive implementation of LiveScript in time for release.
Features Applications Disadvantages Client-side execution Front end development Client-side insecurity User-interface interactivity Back end development Browser support Rapid development Web database Lack of debugging facility Browser compatible Web designing single inheritance make XML http request() object rendering stopped
Fortran
- Fortran has been designed from the ground up for computationally intensive applications in science and engineering.
- Mature and battle-tested compilers and libraries allow writing code that runs close to the metal fast.
| Features | Applications |
|---|---|
| free format on source code. | numerical weather prediction |
| dynamic allocation and pointers. | finite element analysis. |
| User-defined data types. | computational physics |
| modules | crystallography |
| recursive functions | computational chemistry |
| computational fluid dynamics |
Prolog 
- prolog is a general-purpose logic programming language associated with artificial intelligence and computational linguistics.
Visirule
- VisiRule is a graphical tool for designing, developing, and delivering business rule and decision support applications, using flowcharts that represent the decision logic.
Visual Basic
- visual basic is an event-driven programming language and environment from Microsoft that provides a graphical user interface(GUI) that allows programmers to modify codes by simplifying dragging and dropping objects and defining their behaviors and appearance.
Comments
Post a Comment